Eco-Articles
In addition to the fieldwork, Greg Sykes writes articles that are published in the King’s Park West (KPW) Civic Association’s newsletter, called The Herald (distributed eight times per year). In 2014, Friends of Long Branch Stream Valley Park (FLBSVP) began incorporating these manuscripts into its newsletter. The contributions keep the communities posted on IMA’s progress while providing ways people can help the effort starting with how they landscape their properties. In addition to the weed-related literature, articles discuss lawn care, local wildlife, ways to attract birds and butterflies to your yard, health alerts, benefits of native plants, and more! Back issues of all articles are available as free PDF files following this introduction. Feel free to share them with anyone interested! We updated the contact information and links since the articles first appeared, but please realize that job is a constantly moving target.
Whereas the articles emphasize central Fairfax’s native ecosystem, much of the content is relevant to the Washington, D.C., area, including which species are problematic weeds and which plants are suitable native alternatives. Readers in other states—or even other countries—may apply the techniques and concepts to their neck-of-the-woods. The plant lists and educational resources may be different where you live; please look up local chapters of the Audubon Society, native plant societies, park programs, etc. for regionally-specific information. Should you wish to work in areas other than your own property, be sure to get both training and written permission first from the land owners and/or appropriate authorities.
We hope you find these writings enlightening, inspiring, and even answer questions you might not have thought to ask. If you would like to receive new articles upon release, click here and ask to be on the free, IMA e-subscription list. This list is separate from the volunteer workday notification directory. We never share your e-mail addresses and all distributions are bcc. If you would like to re-publish any items within your community, please send an inquiry e-mail to Greg first as he retains both authorship and copyright.
Many of the articles have hyperlinks. Since the earlier articles are many years old and websites change, get updated, or are even taken down, we do our best to keep the articles current with updated links, especially when we know of an updated website and new individual page addresses. However, some of the reference links might be inactive.
Also, check out “Fairfax County Celebrates Virginia’s First Invasive Plant Removal Day” by Greg Sykes (2009 April) on page 25 of Virginia Water Central, April 2009 (No. 48).
The following titles appear in chronological order; the edition number and initial publication date follow each title. A short description may trail the title link. A line separates the years. Please read the copyright notification prior to accessing the articles. Continuing to view the articles indicates that you agree with the terms. To access only the latest article(s), click here.
The Complete Eco-Article Series
- Invasive Plant Removal Program – (1a) August 2007
- Introduction to the Fairfax County Park Authority’s (FCPA) Invasive Management Area (IMA) program
- Synthetic Lawn Chemicals – (1b) August 2007
- Invasive Management Area (IMA) Update – (2) September 2007
- Discusses IMA’s progress at Royal Lake Park and promotes Virginia native plant diversity
- VolunteerFest at Royal Lake – (3) October 2007
- Lists some native species used in a big replanting workday and ones good for home landscaping
- IMA Update – (4a) December 2007
- Join the global crusade against non-native invasive species!
- …Of Storm Sewers and Dogs… – (4b) December 2007
- Compliments to Royal Lake Park! – (5a) January 2008
- River otter (Lutra canadensis) visiting Royal Lake
- Stream Monitoring Program – (5b) January 2008
- IMA Expansion – (6a) March 2008
- IMA Program at Royal Lake Park expanded both in territory covered and species targeted
- What About Poison Ivy? – (6b) March 2008
- Ecological benefits behind the plant people love to hate
- Friendly Reminder – (6c) March 2008
- Cautions to synthetic lawn chemical overuse
- IMA’s Approach – (7a) May 2008
- Understand IMA’s strategy: what we do and why we do it
- More Invasive Plant Q/As – (7b) May 2008
- Answering questions about English ivy, why removing non-native invasive plants from your own property is prudent, where to buy native species and species availability
- IMA’s First Year at Royal Lake Park (summary) – (8a) June 2008
- Even More Invasive Plant Q/As – (8b) June 2008
- Answering questions about “well-behaved” exotic plants, problems with invasive plants even if birds eat the fruits, countering the invasive plant “survival of the fittest” argument, and how to properly dispose of invasive species
- IMA’s Progress – (9a) August 2008
- Update plus lists additional native species added to restored IMA sites
- Return of the Invasive Plant Q/As – (9b) August 2008
- Answering questions about why native plants matter to wildlife, how long restoration takes, other ways to help other than field work, and why only trained volunteers issued FCPA permits should remove invasive species on parklands
- Neighborly Advice Against Illegal Dumping – (9c) August 2008
- Major IMA Goal Reached – (10) September 2008 First large IMA site eradicated of English ivy
- Royal Lake IMA Site and VolunteerFest – (11a) October 2008
- Tree Time! – (11b) October 2008
- Some native tree recommendations for home landscaping
- IMA Update – (12a) December 2008
- Includes ideas on introducing children to nature
- FIREWOOD ALERT! – (12b) December 2008
- Warning about emerald ash borers
- A Tribute to Beavers – (12c) December 2008
- Beavers’ importance to Royal Lake Park and riparian ecosystems
- Applying the Beavers’ Blueprints – (13a) January 2009
- Using rain barrels and rain gardens to combat streamside erosion and storm drain flaws
- IMA Update – (13b) January 2009
- Another major English ivy IMA site is cleared plus problems with dumping yard debris in parks
- IMA Program and Riparian Buffers – (14a) March 2009
- Invasive Plant Q/A’s: What to Plant – (14b) March 2009
- How homeowners can restore an English ivy patch in their yard; cautions about pressure-treated wood, pesticide barriers around home foundations, and food gardens
- Springtime Wildflower Announcement – (14c) March 2009
- IMA Update – (15a) June 2009
- Starting to remove English ivy and other invasive species from the Battery Site; IMA is a great place for many organizations to volunteer, from student groups to faith-based congregations
- The Birds and the Butterflies: Part 1 – (15b) June 2009
- Selecting proper plants to attract young wildlife such as caterpillars and nesting birds
- Look, I Found a Snake… COOL! – (15c) June 2009
- Discover some of Northern Virginia’s beneficial reptiles
- SPECIAL EDITION: Park Land Management – (16) August 2009
- Learn about the challenges of managing a park, visions of a natural forest, preventing exotic species introduction, and neighbor encroachment problems, and damage from haphazard trail creation by residents
- The Birds and the Butterflies: Part 2 – (17a) September 2009
- Selecting native plants to attract butterflies and birds
- Lyme Disease and Other Health Threats – (17b) September 2009
- Cautions to ticks and Lyme disease in Northern Virginia; discouraging tick populations through planting native species, removing dense invasive shrubs, and eliminating yard debris piles
- FIREWOOD ALERT! – (18a) October 2009
- Renewed warning about emerald ash borers
- What’s That Plant? – (18b) October 2009
- Learn about black willow (Salix nigra), greenbriar (Smilax rotundifolia), and floating primrose-willow (Ludwigia peploides)
- IMA’s Habitat Restoration – (19) December 2009
- Transforming an English ivy site into a Magnolia Bog, with a list of native species used
- Getting To Know the Natural World – (20a) January 2010
- Excellent programs, nature/birding walks, and other opportunities to gain experience about the environment
- Beavers Making Due for the Winter – (20b) January 2010
- A Royal Lake beaver population update and their activity on trees
- Healthy Lawn Care – (21) March 2010
- Use compost teas instead of nasty synthetic lawn chemicals, and urge your lawn care professionals to do the same
- Invasive Plant Q/As: the Short-List – (22) May 2010
- A list of non-native invasive plant species on the IMA target list—please avoid using these species; also provides links listing good native species for the mid-Atlantic
- IMA Update – (23a) June 2010
- IMA work at Cooked Creek and Lakeside Parks; results from the biological survey at the original Royal Lake Park IMA site
- Invasive Species Profile: Garlic Mustard (Alliaria petiolata) – (23b) June 2010
- The first article in a series highlighting the origins, problems, remediation, and native alternatives to a given exotic invasive species
- Invasive Species Profile: Rose-of-Sharon (Hibiscus syriacus) – (24) August 2010
- Invasive Species Profile: Amur Honeysuckle (Lonicera maackii) – (25) October 2010
- IMA Q/As: the December 2010 Edition – (26) December 2010
- Transforming an English ivy site into the “Fern Gully;” update on other IMA sites and weather-related damage to new plantings; threats to the Royal Lake park system (human encroachment and dumping tops the list); what eats poison ivy; and, beneficial ways you can become involved with the parks
- Volunteers Needed In Local Park Projects – (27a) March 2011
- Programs include IMA, Early Detection Rapid Response (EDRR), and GeesePeace
- Invasive Species Profile: Bradford Pear (Pyrus calleryana) – (27b) March 2011
- Invasive Species Profile: Exotic Wisteria species – (28) May 2011
- IMA Q/As: Tree Questions – (29) June 2011
- Find out why certain trees sustained more weather-related damage than others; know the difference between chestnut trees (Castanea sp.) and learn about the Chestnut Blight Fungus (Cryphonectria parasitica)
- Invasive Species Profile: Mile-a-Minute (Persicaria perfoliata) – (30) August 2011
- IMA Q/As: To Cultivar or To Wild Type? – (31) October 2011
- Weighing the pros and cons of the plant sources, illustrated using winterberry (Ilex verticillata)
- Invasive Species Profile: Winter Creeper (Euonymus fortunei) – (32) December 2011
- New Beaver Activity at Royal Lake – (33) January 2012
- The Spring Edition of “What’s That Plant?” – (34) March 2012
- Discover five native spring bloomers gracing the forests and beware of two prominent invasive species
- IMA Q/As: Native Plants for Dry Shade – (35) April 2012
- Supplemental information to Invasive Plant Q/As: What to Plant – March 2009
- Invasive Species Profile: Crown Vetch (Securigera varia) – (36) June 2012
- Invasive Species Profile: Japanese Stiltgrass (Microstegium vimineum) – (37) August 2012
- Look Out for Wavyleaf Basketgrass! – (38) September 2012
- Cart It to the Curb – (39a) October 2012
- Addresses problems with people wheeling yard waste onto parklands and illegally dumping it
- Hummingbird Attraction – (39b) October 2012
- Learn about which native plants attract hummingbirds and how to create a hummingbird-friendly landscape which also benefits other wildlife
- IMA’s 2012 Year in Review – (40) December 2012
- Summary of IMA and EDRR activities including garlic mustard pulls, eradicating bitter orange (Poncirus trifoliata), preparing a site for native planting, and the species selected for that planting
- Includes water quality improvement efforts:
- Kayak Clean-Ups
- Land-based ways to protect the watershed
- Dispose of lead fishing weights at a hazardous material (haz-mat) station for household waste; use tin weights instead
- The Wonderful Winter Woodlands – (41a) January 2013
- Appreciate the birds and plants of the season
- Let’s Clean Up – (41b) January 2013 Reminder to “scoop the poop”
- Habitat Islands – (42) March 2013
- Explores how each species environmental requirements and how they apply both to natural forests and wooded backyards
- Habitat challenges to eastern box turtle (Terrapene carolina carolina) illustrates this ecological concept
- Climate Change Part 1: Causes and Consequences – (43) April 2013
- Earth Day special issue investigates climate change theory
- Introduces the major greenhouse gases
- Clarifies what makes this climate change event different from others throughout Earth’s history
- Explains why ecosystem imbalances and extinctions are “bad things”
- Climate Change Part 2: Act Locally – (44a) June 2013
- Learn how tap water conservation reduces carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions
- Offers tips to lowering your carbon footprint
- Explores landscaping strategies that take climate change into consideration
- Discusses pros and cons of solar energy
- Plant Poaching – (44b) June 2013
- Addresses the problems at the Fern Gully site with people digging up the plants used in restoration efforts and dumping yard debris along the trail and streamsides
- Invasive Species Profile: Butterfly Bush (Buddleja davidii) – (45) August 2013
- Kindly Ask First – (46) September 2013
- Recently, people cleared an erosion-prone area of native Virginia creeper and bits of poison ivy and left non-native invasive weeds
- Understand why such practices are counterproductive to FCPA and IMA volunteer efforts
- Appreciate the benefits of all native plants including the victims of the unauthorized pull
- Review previously published Eco-Articles about land stewardship, how you can constructively help the parks, and ask permission before acting on parklands
- Wildlife Corridors – (47) October 2013
- Learn how habitat islands can be connected–and your backyard can help!
- Additional healthy tree tips
- Where Have All the Trashcans Gone? – (48a) December 2013
- A short explanation about a FCPA trashcan removal initiative
- Invasive Species Profile: Oriental Bittersweet (Celastrus orbiculatus) – (48b) December 2013
- IMA’s 2013 Restoration Progress – (49) January 2014
- Summary of IMA and EDRR activities including different stages of various scout projects (includes “before” and “after” pictures), garlic mustard pulls, “Stop the Spread” campaign, rescuing native plants from Crooked Creek Park’s stream restoration site, and autumnal native replanting initiatives
- Royal Lake’s Engineers – (50a) March 2014
- Find out about the mysterious origins of Royal Lake’s canals
- Invasive Species Profile: Lesser Celandine (Ficaria verna) – (50b) March 2014
- How to Battle Mosquitoes and Win – (51) April 2014
- Crooked Creek Park – IMA Recruitment – (52a) June 2014
- Following the stream restoration project, we need IMA site leaders to patrol the area and prevent non-native invasive weed takeover while the land heals
- The World Beneath – (52b) June 2014
- Learn about soil structure and some of the cool critters living under the forest floor
- Understand the difference between old growth and recently disturbed woodlands
- Mile-a-Minute Update: the Cavalry Has Arrived! – (53a) August 2014
- News on the weevil (Rhinoncomimus latipes) used to biologically control mile-a-minute
- Invasive Species Profile: Japanese Barberry (Berberis thunbergii) – (53b) August 2014
- Invasive Species Profile: Multiflora Rose (Rosa multiflora) – (54) September 2014
- How to Prevent Wildlife from Invading Homes – (55) December 2014
- Wavyleaf Basketgrass Update – (56) January 2015
- Recently discovered in Long Branch Stream Valley Park, learn how you can help halt wavyleaf basketgrass’ spread
- For a generalized manuscript combining contents of both this update and Look Out for Wavyleaf Basketgrass! (September 2012), click here
- IMA Program at Royal Lake Gaining Even More Volunteers – (57a) March 2015
- Find out how different organizations volunteered at Royal Lake and what they accomplished
- You can easily muster a group for a special IMA workday
- The IMA Program welcomes a new site leader to Royal Lake
- Invasive Species Profile: Leatherleaf Mahonia (Berberis bealei) – (57b) March 2015
- The Scoop on Wild Strawberries – (58) April 2015
- Many people mistake a non-native imposter for true and delicious wild strawberries
- Terrible Trash – (59) June 2015
- Discusses how trash impacts the environment, travels waterways, and pollutes the Atlantic Ocean
- Highlights April’s Royal Lake watershed cleanup and how you can help make the world a cleaner place
- For the FLBSVP version, click here
- Long Live the Monarch – (60) August 2015
- An overview about the monarch butterfly’s decline and how Northern Virginia residents can help this imperiled insect
- Understanding Goldenrod – (61a) September 2015
- Goldenrod and ragweed are two completely separate plants
- Shine a light on goldenrod’s ecological benefits
- Invasive Species Profile: Kudzu (Pueraria montana var. lobata) – (61b) September 2015
- Invasive Species Profile: Winged Burning Bush (Euonymus alatus) – (62) October 2015
- What a Tree Is Worth (2015-12) – (63) December 2015
- Apply i-Tree tools to calculate the monetary savings and benefits trees provide on a property
- Native Plant Suggestions – (64) January 2016
- Highlighting some native plants worth considering for a Northern Virginian yard
- Invasive Species Profile: Periwinkle (Vinca minor) – (65) March 2016
- Invasive Species Profile: Japanese Pachysandra (Pachysandra terminalis) – (66) April 2016
- Royal Lake Welcomes More IMA Site Leaders – (67a) June 2016
- Canine Considerations – (67b) June 2016
- Reasons to pick up after your dog and keeping him or her on a leash
- IMA Q/As from Social Media – (68a) August 2016
- Answers to what IMA is and how this program addresses erosion control
- Follow-Up to Canine Considerations – (68b) August 2016
- Proper trash can usage and ways to protect pets from synthetic lawn chemicals
- Invasive Species Profile: Porcelain-berry (Ampelopsis brevipedunculata) – (69) September 2016
- Keeping the Wildlife Wild: Part 1 – (70) October 2016
- Identifying the problems with feeding wild animals
- Keeping the Wildlife Wild: Part 2 – (71) December 2016
- Actions you can take to be a true friend to wild animals
- Invasive Species Profile: Autumn Olive (Elaeagnus umbellata) – (72) January 2017
- Invasive Species Profile: Chinese Privet (Ligustrum sinense) – (73) March 2017
- Invasive Species Profile: Wax-Leaf Privet (Ligustrum japonicum) – (74) April 2017
- IMA Celebrates 10 Years at Royal Lake: the Good, the Bad, and the Ugly – (75) June 2017
- Native Meadows: Part 1 – (76a) August 2017
- Basic concepts and how to design a meadow garden
- Beware of Exploding Trees – (76b) August 2017
- Alert for emerald ash borers (EAB) and warning against using unlicensed “woodchucks” to remove EAB-stricken trees
- Native Meadows: Part 2 – (77) September 2017
- Lists some recommended species for a native meadow and other plants to avoid
- Native Meadows: Part 3 – (78) October 2017
- How to care for the new native meadow garden
- Christmas Bird Count – (79a) December 2017
- Deer Browsing Impacts at a Glance – (79b) December 2017
- Q/As from the “Native Meadows” Series – (80) January 2018
- Invasive Species Profile: Japanese Holly (Ilex crenata) – (81) March 2018
- Invasive Species Profile: Yellow Archangel (Lamiastrum galeobdolon) – (82) April 2018
- Understanding Orchids: Part 1 – (83) June 2018
- Examines orchids’ diverse family, highlights some Northern Virginia representatives, and reveals their true value
- Understanding Orchids: Part 2 – (84a) August 2018
- Looks at the dos and don’ts in preserving orchid habitat
- Introduces native orchids capable of growing in a garden setting
- Health and Safety: Proper Needle Disposal – (84b) August 2018
- Invasive Species Profile: Japanese Knotweed (Fallopia japonica) – (85a) September 2018
- Plastic Pollution – (85b) September 2018
- Warns about the overlooked problems with weed whacker nylon line
- Spring Wildflowers – (86) October 2018
- A photo essay displaying some excellent native, spring-blooming flowers growing in Fairfax County gardens
- Mistletoe – (87a) December 2018
- Slippery When Wet – (87b) December 2018
- Why muddy sidewalks pose a nasty slip hazard and how to clean them
- Q/As About Native and Non-Native Species: Part 1 – (88) January 2019
- Q/As About Native and Non-Native Species: Part 2 – (89a) March 2019
- Invasive Species Profile: Higan Cherry (Prunus subhirtella) – (89b) March 2019
- Q/As About Shanes Creek and Royal Lake – (90) April 2019
- Answers about the new stream restoration project and strategy
- BONUS: The Naming of Shanes Creek
- Q/As About Solarization – (91) June 2019
- Night Lights – (92) August 2019
- Problems with light pollution and exploring its impacts on fireflies
- Eagle Scout Project Completed Supporting the IMA Program – (93a) September 2019
- The Seldom Seen Neighbors – (93b) September 2019
- Find out about the southern flying squirrels and Cope’s gray treefrogs living amongst us
- Let’s Look at Foxes: Part 1 – (94) October 2019
- Let’s Look at Foxes: Part 2 – (95a) December 2019
- IMA Site Leader for Rabbit Branch Park – (95b) December 2019
- Invasive Species Profile: Nandina (Nandina domestica) – (96) January 2020
- Invasive Species Profile: English Ivy (Hedera helix) Part 1 – (97) March 2020
- Invasive Species Profile: English Ivy (Hedera helix) Part 2 – (98) April 2020
- Free, Easy, Plentiful Live Bait for Fishing – (99) June 2020
- Tips on creating a compost pile.
- “Shanes Creek” Is Official! – (100) August 2020
- An inside look at the USGS-recognized naming process for a geological feature
- BONUS: Do Not Disturb or Remove Plants Within Fairfax Parks!
- Emergency Restoration to Rabbit Branch – (101) September 2020
- Seeps and Springs – (102a) October 2020
- What Does Habitat Restoration Look Like? – (102b) October 2020
- Rain Gardens – (103a) December 2020
- What’s Around a Fox Den? – (103b) December 2020
- A Garden for Children – (104) March 2021
- Eagle Scout Projects Supporting the IMA Program – (105) April 2021
- One Restoration Site, Two Outcomes – (106a) June 2021
- Invasive Species Profile: Tree-of-Heaven (Ailanthus altissima) – (106b) June 2021
- Includes information on the spotted lanternfly (Lycorma delicatula)
- Invasive Species Profile: Himalayan Blackberry (Rubus armeniacus) – (107) August 2021
- Invasive Species Profile: Japanese Wineberry (Rubus phoenicolasius) – (108a) September 2021
- Leaving the Autumn Leaves and Twigs – (108b) September 2021
- Invasive Species Profile: Creeping Liriope or Monkey Grass (Liriope spicata) – (109a) October 2021
- What’s With the Gloves? – (109b) October 2021
- Questions and solutions regarding gloves and other litter left by outdoor contractors
- IMA Update 2021 – (110) December 2021
- Seeing the World Anew – (111) January 2022
- Exercises and tools to help improve observation and artistic skills.
- The Scented Garden – (112) March 2022
- Invasive Species Profile: Japanese Honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica) – (113) April 2022
- Quick Points About the Shanes Creek Restoration Project – (114a) June 2022
- Two Ways Invasive Plants Enter Parks – (114b) June 2022
- Proper Trash Disposal – (115a) August 2022
- Invasive Species Profile: Running Bamboo (Various Species) Part 1 – (115b) August 2022
- Invasive Species Profile: Running Bamboo (Various Species) Part 2 – (116a) September 2022
- Spot and Pull Those Invasive Seedlings! – (116b) September 2022
- Riparian Buffers – (117) October 2022
- A photo essay featuring good, bad, and ugly vegetative buffers near waterways
- Examines and contrasts the difference between a riparian buffer and a Resource Protection Area (RPA)
- The Human Side of Volunteerism – (118) December 2022
- Vernal Pools – (119) January 2023
- Taking a Look at Trails: Part 1 – (120) March 2023
- Taking a Look at Trails: Part 2 – (121) April 2023
- Taking a Look at Trails: Part 3 – (122) June 2023
- The Problems with Digging in the Parks – (122a) June 2023
- Taking a Look at Trails: Part 4 – (123) August 2023
- A Closer Look at Those Most Vulnerable – (124) September 2023
- A look at human impacts to toad and frog spawning areas
- How best to help the amphibians and their habitat
- Simple Steps to Help the Environment – (125) October 2023
- Completing Shanes Creek’s Stream Restoration: Part 1 – (126) December 2023
- Completing Shanes Creek’s Stream Restoration: Part 2 – (127) January 2024
- Invasive Species Profile: Italian Arum (Arum italicum) – (128) March 2024
- Wildfires and Prescribed Burns: Part 1 – (129) April 2024
- Wildfires and Prescribed Burns: Part 2 – (130) June 2024
- Wildfires and Prescribed Burns: Part 3 – (131) August 2024
- Ecological Succession – (132) September 2024
- Help Our Feathered Friends Avoid Window Strikes – (133a) October 2024
- A Close-Up Photo Study of a Mature Forest: Part 1 – (133b) October 2024
- Looks at mushrooms as a soil biodiversity indicator
- A Close-Up Photo Study of a Mature Forest: Part 2 – (134) December 2024
- Looks at the plant species found in older growth forests
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